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Explore our articles on trans topics
Common myths about trans people
The most widespread myths about transgender people debunked by science: unnaturalness, binary biology, regret, and social contagion.
Gender: beyond the binary
Difference between sex and gender: gender identity, gender expression, gender roles, and what modern science says. A comprehensive guide.
Vaginoplasty Results: What to Expect
Vaginoplasty before and after: real results on depth, sensitivity, and satisfaction. A scientific comparison between neovaginas and cisgender vaginas.
Transgender Day of Remembrance (TDoR)
The Transgender Day of Remembrance (TDoR) is the international day dedicated to the memory of trans people who have been victims of violence. Every November 20, vigils worldwide remember those we have lost.
Trans rights around the world: a global map
Trans rights in Europe and worldwide: updated map, international comparison, self-determination and legal gender recognition country by country.
Redefining Realness by Janet Mock: a memoir that made history
Redefining Realness by Janet Mock (2014): the bestselling memoir about the life of an African American trans woman. Themes, impact, and intersectionality.
Intersectionality and trans people: when discriminations compound
How being trans intersects with race, disability, social class, immigration status, and age. Data on multiple discrimination, the Italian context, and intersectional approaches to support.
Lili Elbe: a pioneer of medical transition
Lili Elbe (1882-1931), Danish transgender painter and pioneer of one of the first medical transitions. Her story inspired the film The Danish Girl.
Hormone Therapy: Duration and Management
Is transgender hormone therapy lifelong? Long-term risks, side effects, what happens if you stop, and safety according to scientific research.
The situation of trans people in Italy today
The situation of trans people in Italy: ISTAT data on discrimination, healthcare, employment, rights, and up-to-date available resources.
Gender Transition After 40: Is It Possible?
Can you transition after 40 or 50? Yes. A complete guide on hormone therapy, surgery, and social transition for those starting their transition in adulthood.
Technology and trans people: how digital tools change lives
How technology helps trans people build community, access healthcare, protect themselves, and become visible: from online communities to telemedicine, voice training to crowdfunding for transition.
Gender-affirming surgery: what actually exists
Gender-affirming surgery: all types of transgender surgery, satisfaction rates, and what to realistically expect from the process.
Starting the transition in Italy
How to start gender transition in Italy: first steps, stages, specialized centers, hormone therapy, timelines and costs in the NHS.
Phalloplasty and metoidioplasty: results and what to expect
Phalloplasty results: appearance, sensation, and satisfaction. Metoidioplasty vs phalloplasty compared with radial forearm flap and documented complications.
Non-binary people
Non-binary meaning: what it is, how to know if you are non-binary, pronouns, genderqueer and agender identities. A comprehensive scientific guide.
Italian Constitution and transgender rights
Italian Constitution and transgender people: articles on identity, equality, and the right to health. Constitutional Court rulings and principles of dignity.
My child is trans: what the science really tells families
How to support a trans family member: scientific data on acceptance, mental health, and practical resources for parents, siblings, and families.
Transgender People and Schools in Italy
The reality of trans people in Italian schools: bullying, alias careers, transgender student rights, and what teachers and parents can do.
Is Biological Sex Binary? What Science Says
Is biological sex a spectrum? Beyond the XX and XY binary: intersex, chromosomal, and hormonal variations that reveal the complexity of human biology.
Le favolose: the film about Neapolitan trans women of the 1980s
Le favolose (2022) by Roberta Torre: the film about Neapolitan trans women of the 1980s, the femminielli tradition, and trans visibility in Italian cinema.
Cass Review: what the British report on care for transgender youth says
Complete analysis of the 2024 Cass Review: the actual conclusions of the British report on care for minors with gender dysphoria, what changed in the NHS, and the methodological critiques.
Puberty blockers: what they are, how they work, and what science says
What are puberty blockers (triptorelin), how they work, side effects, reversibility, and the current situation. Updated scientific evidence.
Do you need a certification to be trans?
Trans identity does not require a medical certification to be valid. Here is what science says, what Italian law provides, and why the informed consent model is replacing gatekeeping.
Law 164/1982: gender rectification in Italy
Law 164/1982: gender rectification without surgery, gender change without operation. History, procedure, Constitutional Court rulings and European comparison.
Vaginoplasty: Procedure and Recovery
Transgender vaginoplasty: how the procedure works, recovery time, complications, dilation, and techniques (penile inversion and sigmoid vaginoplasty).
Gender expression in children: when it's normal, when to talk to a professional
A guide for concerned parents about their children's gender expression: what developmental psychology says, when it's simple exploration, and when to talk to a professional.
Gender dysphoria: what it is, symptoms, and diagnosis
What is gender dysphoria, how it manifests, DSM-5 criteria, difference from ICD-11 gender incongruence, and why it is not a mental illness.
Transgender social contagion and ROGD
Is transgender social contagion a myth? What science says about Littman's ROGD, the counter-evidence, and the debunking of transgender social contagion.
Psychological Therapy for Trans People: A Complete Guide
Psychological therapy for trans people: affirmative therapy, the ONIG pathway in Italy, how to find a competent therapist, costs, and SSN coverage.
Gender surgery for minors in Italy: what the law says
Gender surgery for minors in Italy: the law prohibits transgender surgery for adolescents. What Law 164/1982 provides, the actual clinical pathway, WPATH and Endocrine Society guidelines.
Trans Men and Homosexuality
Can you be a trans man and gay? Sexual orientation and gender identity are independent. Experiences, data, and the community of gay trans men.
Guide for allies
How to be a good ally to transgender people: pronouns, language, mistakes to avoid, and how to support trans colleagues, friends, and family members.
Transgender Demographics
How many trans people are there in Italy and in the world? Transgender percentage, updated statistics, and why the number seems to be increasing.
Trans Women in Italy
The history and present of transgender women in Italy: from the pioneers of the movement to contemporary challenges, encompassing visibility, discrimination, and achievements.
A child's trans coming out
How to react when a son or daughter comes out as transgender: parents' emotions, mistakes to avoid, how to communicate, and where to find support. Based on scientific research.
Sexuality and Transgender People
How sexuality changes during transition: desire, orientation, orgasm, and satisfaction of transgender people according to scientific studies.
Medical Transition: What Changes in the Body
Transgender medical transition: what changes in the body with hormone therapy and surgery, what remains unchanged, and what science says about real changes.
Tennessee: the laboratory for anti-abortion and anti-trans laws
Tennessee is the legislative epicenter of abortion and trans rights restrictions in the USA: from the Skrmetti case to the proposed death penalty for abortion, the complete map of laws and political actors.
What does it mean to be trans?
Transgender meaning: what it means to be trans, how to know if you're trans, the difference between transgender and transsexual. A science-based guide.
Marsha P. Johnson: icon of trans activism
Marsha P. Johnson, African American transgender activist and icon of the 1969 Stonewall uprising. Co-founder of STAR, her legacy lives on in the trans movement.
United Kingdom: what is happening to trans rights
Trans rights UK: GRA, Cass Review, NHS, and the puberty blockers ban. From the Gender Recognition Act to the Supreme Court ruling, an updated chronology.
Gender Theory: What Science Says
Does gender ideology exist? What is the 'gender theory' myth, where does it come from, and what does science actually say. Gender studies explained.
Sylvia Rivera: the voice of the most vulnerable
Sylvia Rivera (1951-2002), Latina transgender activist and co-founder of STAR. A pioneer of trans rights and a key figure in the Stonewall uprising.
Religions and trans people: what faiths really say
What Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, and Buddhism say about trans people: official positions, theology, and ongoing changes.
Changing documents and vital records rectification
Transgender name change and vital records rectification in Italy: how to change your tax code, ID card, driver's license, passport, and all documents.
5 Nanomoles: the documentary about Valentina Petrillo and the Paralympic dream
5 Nanomoles (2023): the documentary about Valentina Petrillo, the first trans athlete at the Paralympics. Plot, themes, and impact of this Italian film memoir.
Coming out as trans: what the research actually says
How to come out as trans: advice on when to tell, who to tell, and what to expect. Evidence on mental health, family reactions, and safety.
Frances Thompson: the trans woman who testified before Congress
Frances Thompson, a Black transgender woman who in 1866 testified before the U.S. Congress after the Memphis massacre. A pioneer of civil rights.
Elderly trans people: aging with dignity
Elderly trans people: the challenges of aging, access to care, loneliness, and resilience. What to know and how to provide support.
Trans Women and Lesbianism
Can you be a trans woman and a lesbian? Sexual orientation and gender identity are different things. Experiences, science, and the trans lesbian community.
Exploring Your Gender Identity: What No One Tells You
How to explore your gender identity: what is normal, what research says, available options, and where to find support in Italy.
Latest Research on Gender Identity (2022-2026)
Recent studies on gender identity: peer-reviewed research from 2024-2025 on neuroimaging, transgender genetics, hormone therapy, and the Cass Review.
The Danish Girl: the film about Lili Elbe between history and controversy
The Danish Girl (2015) by Tom Hooper with Eddie Redmayne and Alicia Vikander: the story of Lili Elbe, Oscar awards, casting controversies, and cultural impact.
Social Transition without Medicalization
Gender transition without surgery: coming out, chosen name, pronouns, clothing, and practical aspects of social transition in Italy.
Missing trans rights in Italy: future battles
Gender self-determination in Italy: missing trans rights, necessary reforms, Zan Bill and legislative proposals on healthcare, parenthood and discrimination.
Understanding Your Gender Identity
How to know if you are transgender: signs, common experiences, questions to ask yourself, and resources. A science-based guide for those who are questioning.
Trans Rights Around the World: Who is Advancing and Who is Retreating
Updated map of trans rights around the world: 23 countries with gender self-determination, 13 that criminalize. The situation country by country.
Gender Dysphoria Bill: what it provides and what changes
Gender Dysphoria Bill: puberty blockers in Italy, legislation on trans minors, triptorelin, and parliamentary proceedings. What it provides and what would change.
Transparent: The Series That Brought Trans Families to TV
Transparent (2014-2019) is the Amazon series about coming out as trans in adulthood. Explore the plot, themes, Jeffrey Tambor controversies, and cultural impact.
Mental Health and Transgender People: What the Research Really Says
Depression, anxiety, and suicide among transgender people: data, statistics, and the role of minority stress. The risk factors are not identity but discrimination.
Trans People Who Changed the World
From Laverne Cox to Elliot Page, from Marcella Di Folco to Vladimir Luxuria: stories of trans people who have achieved success in politics, art, science, and sports.
Anatomy of trans women
Trans women anatomy: how genitals change with hormone therapy and vaginoplasty. Clear and respectful scientific explanation.
MTF gender-affirming surgery: a complete guide
MTF surgery: vaginoplasty, orchiectomy, facial feminization surgery (FFS), breast augmentation. Recovery times, satisfaction rates, and what to expect.
Cancer Screening and Prevention for Transgender People
Cancer prevention for transgender people: which screenings to do, mammograms, Pap smears, prostate, and other checks. An evidence-based medical guide.
Bathroom bills: laws that ban trans people from restrooms
Bathroom bills are laws that require people to use public restrooms corresponding to their sex assigned at birth. What they are, where they are in effect, what the safety data show, and their impact on transgender people's lives.
Coming out as trans in a relationship
What to do when your partner comes out as trans: emotions, relationship changes, intimacy, children, and how to navigate the journey together. Based on research and lived experiences.
Transgender People in Sports: Regulations, Science, and Debate
Trans athletes in women's sports: does a physical advantage exist? IOC rules, scientific evidence, and the debate on sports regulations.
Hormone Therapy for Non-Binary People
Non-binary hormone therapy: microdosing, customized options, effects, and what to expect. A scientific guide for non-binary and genderqueer people.
Artificial intelligence and transgender people
How artificial intelligence impacts transgender people: bias in recognition systems, content moderation, informational resources, telemedicine, and the risks of automated disinformation.
Workplace Discrimination Against Trans People in Italy
Data, stories, and analysis on the discrimination transgender people face in the Italian workplace: hiring, mobbing, dismissals, and legal protections.
Italian politics and trans rights
The Zan Bill, the Schillaci-Roccella decree, and party positions: how Italian politics addresses the rights of transgender people.
Sexual Relations with a Trans Woman
Sexual relations with a trans woman: a scientific guide on anatomy, pleasure, communication, safety, and how to experience intimacy without prejudice.
How many types of trans people are there?
Types of trans people: trans woman (MTF), trans man (FTM), non-binary, and other identities. Difference between transgender and transsexual and their meanings.
Inclusive language for trans people
Inclusive language: pronouns, they/them, how to address trans and non-binary people. A practical guide with examples.
Tangerine: The Trans Film Shot on an iPhone That Revolutionized Indie Cinema
Tangerine (2015) by Sean Baker: the film shot on an iPhone 5s about two trans women in Hollywood. Kitana Kiki Rodriguez, Mya Taylor, and the indie cinema revolution.
Physical changes from hormone therapy
Effects of testosterone FTM and estrogen MTF: timeline of physical changes, before and after hormone therapy, and what to expect based on research.
Sexual Health for Transgender People
Trans sexual health: STI prevention, PrEP, contraception, cancer screening, and healthcare resources for transgender people and their partners.
The Careggi case: timeline and facts
What happened at the Careggi hospital gender dysphoria center in Florence: the complete timeline from the Gasparri inquiry to the ministerial inspection, the impact on families, and the current state of affairs.
How can you tell if someone is trans?
Can you tell if someone is trans from their appearance? No. Gender identity cannot be guessed: here is what science says about passing, privacy, and respect.
Trans Community and Spaces
Where to meet other trans people in Italy: associations, support groups, online communities, events, and safe spaces for transgender people.
Coccinelle: the star of the Carrousel de Paris
Coccinelle (1931-2006), French transgender artist and star of the Carrousel de Paris. A pioneer of trans visibility in Europe during the 1960s.
Detransition: what the data actually say
What is the real detransition rate? Peer-reviewed data on regret after gender-affirming care, causes of detransition, and the difference between desistance, detransition, and regret.
Transgender Day of Visibility (TDoV)
The Transgender Day of Visibility (TDoV) is the international day that celebrates living trans people, their successes, and their resilience. It has been celebrated every March 31st since 2009.
Transgender teenagers in Italy
What it means to be a transgender teenager in Italy today: school, friendships, social media, mental health, and resources available for trans youth and their families.
Skrmetti ruling: the Supreme Court and trans healthcare for minors
On June 18, 2025, the US Supreme Court upheld Tennessee's ban on gender-affirming care for minors with a 6-3 vote. The Skrmetti ruling, its consequences, and the parallel with Dobbs.
Trump's executive orders against trans people: complete timeline
Complete timeline of executive orders signed by Donald Trump against transgender people from January 20, 2025: texts, contents, legal status, and court responses.
A Fantastic Woman: The Film That Made History at the Oscars
A Fantastic Woman (2017) by Sebastian Lelio starring Daniela Vega: Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film, first trans lead actress to present at the Oscars.
Renee Richards: the tennis player who challenged the rules
Renee Richards (1934-), American transgender tennis player and pioneer. She won the right to compete at the US Open in court in 1977.
The Death and Life of Marsha P. Johnson: truth and justice for a trans icon
The Death and Life of Marsha P. Johnson (2017) by David France investigates the mysterious death of Marsha P. Johnson and tells the story of her activist legacy.
Transgender History by Susan Stryker: The History They Didn't Tell Us
Transgender History by Susan Stryker (2008, 2017): the definitive academic text on the history of the trans movement in the US, from the 19th century to today.
Trans Men in Italy
What it means to be a trans man in Italy: experiences, visibility, specific challenges, masculinity, transition paths, and role models. A comprehensive overview.
Euphoria and Jules Vaughn: a trans representation that changed TV
Jules Vaughn in Euphoria, played by Hunter Schafer, is one of the most complex trans representations on TV. Character analysis and cultural impact.
Whipping Girl by Julia Serano: The Transfeminist Manifesto
Whipping Girl by Julia Serano (2007): the book that coined the term transmisogyny and founded contemporary transfeminism. Theses and impact.
Pose: the series that rewrote trans representation on TV
Pose (2018-2021) is the FX series with the largest trans cast in TV history. Ball culture, AIDS, and New York: plot, impact, and legacy.
Attraction to trans women
Why are some people attracted to trans women? Is it normal? What science says about attraction, stigma, and the difference between preference and fetishism.
Sexuality of trans women: beyond the stereotypes
Sexuality of trans women beyond stereotypes: what science says about desire, pleasure, sexual roles, and the fetishization of transgender women.
Trans Women and Female Identity
Are trans women women? What neuroscience, psychology, endocrinology, and major international medical organizations say about the female gender identity of transgender women.
Legal disclosure obligations
Stealth transgender and passing: is living without disclosing being trans a crime? What Italian law says about disclosure in personal and work relationships.
Gender identity: what it is and what we know
Gender identity: meaning, difference from biological sex and sexual orientation, how it develops, and what science says. A comprehensive guide.
History of the Trans Movement: From the Stonewall Riots to Today
The history of the trans movement: from Magnus Hirschfeld to Stonewall, from Law 164 to depathologization. The fundamental milestones of the transgender movement.
Parenthood and trans people
Can transgender people have a family? Adoption, assisted reproduction, pregnancy, co-parenting: all the options for trans people who want to become parents.
Valentina Petrillo: the athlete who made history
Valentina Petrillo (1973-), Italian transgender sprinter and the first trans woman at the Paris 2024 Paralympics. A Paralympic athlete in the T12 category.
Gender ideology: what it really means and what science says
What does 'gender ideology' or 'gender theory' mean? An analysis of the term's origins, academic gender studies, and the scientific consensus on gender identity.
Transgender children: what they experience and how to help
Transgender children: how gender identity manifests in childhood, what research says, and how parents and schools can help.
Project 2025: what it is and how it targets transgender people
Project 2025 and the Heritage Foundation: analysis of anti-trans proposals in the 920-page document, what has already been implemented, and which organizations support it.
"Gender in schools": what is actually taught in Italy
What is really taught in Italian schools about gender and sexuality? Analysis of actual programs, the Valditara bill, informed consent, and comparison with other European countries.
United States: the legislative wave against trans people
Trans rights USA: anti-trans laws, healthcare bans, the Supreme Court, and shield states. Over 3,000 bills since 2021 in an updated map.
Feminism and trans women
Does feminism include trans women? History of the debate, feminist positions, scientific arguments, and why intersectional feminism is inclusive by definition.
Healthcare and Transgender People in Italy
Transgender discrimination in healthcare and access to trans care in Italy: NHS (SSN), specialized centers, waiting lists, hormone therapy, and patient rights.
Trans people and work
Trans work discrimination in Italy: transgender resume, interview, employment rights, unemployment data, and practical advice.
When your child is trans
What to do if your child is transgender: how to react, how to support them, what science says about family acceptance, and where to find help.
Fertility and transgender people
Transgender fertility preservation: cryopreservation of oocytes and sperm, trans man pregnancy, and assisted reproduction options for trans people in Italy.
Sexual Intercourse with a Trans Man
Sexual intercourse with a trans man: anatomy, effects of testosterone, pleasure, communication, and safety. A respectful, science-based guide.
Lynn Conway: the scientist who revolutionized computing
Lynn Conway (1938-2024), transgender computer scientist who revolutionized VLSI microelectronics. Fired by IBM, she became a pioneering figure.
The Complete Guide to Hormone Therapy
How to start transgender hormone therapy (HRT) in Italy: medications, dosages, free access via the SSN, AIFA note, estradiol, testosterone, and timeline.
Marcella Di Folco: from Fellini to politics
Marcella Di Folco (1943-2010), Italian transgender actress and activist. The first trans woman elected to public office, president of MIT Bologna.
Forced Sterilization and Reproductive Rights of Trans People
Forced sterilization of trans people in Europe and Italy: 11,000 victims, Law 164, ECHR ruling, denied compensations, and the new US wave.
Christine Jorgensen: the woman who changed the world
Christine Jorgensen (1926-1989), the first famous American transgender woman. Her transition in 1952 changed public perception worldwide.
Paris Is Burning: the documentary on New York's ball culture
Paris Is Burning (1990) by Jennie Livingston: the documentary about New York's ball culture of the 1980s, featuring voguing, houses, and the trans and queer community.
Safety of Medical Transition
Is gender transition safe? Risks of hormone therapy, scientific evidence, studies, and meta-analyses on the safety of medical transition.
Alias career: what it is and how to activate it in schools and universities
What is alias career, how to activate it in Italian schools and universities, what rights it guarantees and how to request it. A guide for students, parents and teachers.
Gender self-determination: what it is and how it works
Gender self-determination: meaning, countries that recognize it, difference from the Italian system, and why it matters. A comprehensive guide.
The Zan Bill: what it was and why it was defeated
Zan Bill: history, full text, articles, Senate vote, and defeat. What the Italian anti-homotransphobia law was, who proposed it, and why it failed.
Alan L. Hart: the physician who saved thousands of lives
Alan L. Hart (1890-1962), transgender physician and pioneer of X-ray screening for tuberculosis. One of the first trans men in American history.
Is gender only culture?
Is gender identity a cultural construction or does it have biological bases? What science says about the relationship between nature, culture, and gender identity.
Trans people in history
Trans people have always existed: from ancient Rome and Emperor Elagabalus, to Native American Two-Spirit people and Indian Hijra, to trans figures in modern Europe.
Gender Trouble by Judith Butler: the book that changed gender theory
Gender Trouble by Judith Butler (1990): the text that introduced gender performativity and revolutionized gender studies and feminism.
Biological sex: a complex reality
Biological sex: what it is, how many biological sexes exist, XX and XY chromosomes, sexual dimorphism, and intersex variations. A scientific guide.
Trans people and sex work: data and reality
The stereotype that all trans people work in the sex industry is false. Here is what the data says about the reality of sex work in the trans community and why this prejudice exists.
Dating and trans people
What dating is like as a trans person: dating apps, safety, disclosure, discrimination, and practical advice based on real experiences and research.
My child says they're trans: a guide for parents
Complete guide for parents who just learned their child is transgender: what to do, where to go, what the science says. With real data and Italian resources.
The biological bases of gender identity
Are people born transgender? The biological bases of gender identity explained by science: studies on the transgender brain, genetics, twins, neuroimaging, and epigenetics.
How much does gender transition cost in Italy
Costs of gender transition in Italy: hormone therapy, surgery, lawyer for vital records rectification, and what the NHS covers. Updated practical guide.
FTM gender-affirming surgery: a complete guide
FTM mastectomy, top surgery, metoidioplasty, and phalloplasty: all surgical procedures for trans men, costs, satisfaction rates, and what to expect.
The condition of trans people in Italy before 1982
Before Law 164/1982, trans people in Italy lived without legal recognition, criminalized and marginalized. The story of an Italy that changed its laws.
Relationships with a Trans Guy
What it is like to date a transgender guy: what to expect, intimacy, communication, family, and society. Real experiences and practical advice based on research.
Attraction to trans men
Why are some people attracted to trans men? Sexual orientation, stigma, the difference between attraction and fetishism, and what science says.
History of Transgender Medicine
History of transgender medicine: from Magnus Hirschfeld to Harry Benjamin, to the WPATH Standards of Care. Pioneers, discoveries, and clinical evolution.
Relationships with a Trans Woman
What is it like to date a transgender woman: what to expect, how to behave, intimacy, family, and society. Real experiences and practical advice based on research.
Coming out as trans in adulthood
Can you come out as trans in adulthood? Experiences, specific challenges, work, family, relationships, and why it is never too late to live authentically.
Disclosure: How Hollywood Shaped the Perception of Trans People
Disclosure: Trans Lives on Screen (2020) by Sam Feder and Laverne Cox analyzes a century of trans representation in media, from silent films to today.
Gender dysphoria centers in Italy: the complete map
Updated list of specialized gender identity centers in Italy, region by region: hospitals, clinics, endocrinologists, and associations.
My partner is trans: what to know for a mindful relationship
Being in a relationship with a trans person: advice on communication, intimacy, coming out, and couple support. Scientific data and practical resources.
What do you call someone attracted to trans people?
Attraction to trans people: there is no specific name because it falls within normal sexual orientations. What science says.
The Milan pool protest
The story of the Milan swimming pool incident that sparked the debate on trans people's rights in public spaces: what happened, reactions, and implications.
Transgender holidays and observances
All the days dedicated to transgender people: from the Transgender Day of Remembrance to the Trans Day of Visibility, the dates, origins, and meaning of each observance.
Privacy and gender identity: regulations and protections
GDPR and trans people: sensitive data protection, deadnaming, documents, and legal protections for gender identity in Italy and Europe.